Written by tamara in English, Gravidanza, Parto e Post-parto.
This article is also available in Italian and English.
La mia seconda figlia è nata in Norvegia. Questo mi ha dato la possibilità di scoprire le differenze con il nostro Paese.
In ospedale mi è stato consegnato un libretto affinchè potessi leggere cosa aspettarmi prima, durante e dopo la nascita del bimbo.
Ho deciso di trascriverlo tutto e tradurlo. Io l’ho trovato molto bello e interessante. Lo farò in tre passi, il primo, e cioè questo, riguarda la gravidanza.
In seguito ci sarà il parto ed il periodo post parto.
If you are not sure whether you are pregnant or not, you may take a test called a “Gravi-test” in Norwegian. You can purchase this at a pharmacy and take the test at home. You can also see you regular GP or a midwife for help in taking this test.
You have the right to an interpreter if you do not speak Norwegian, or if you are uncertain whether you will understand everything that is said to you. All interpreters are under the obligation of secrecy. This means that they may not tell anyone about what is said when they interpret for you. You may also ask for interpreting over the telephone. If you need an interpreter, you must inform the doctor or midwife well in advance of your appointment. It may take some days to arrange an interpreter.
Ci sono molti vantaggi ad eseguire gli esami per la gravidanza. La tua salute e quella del tuo bambino saranno sotto controllo, e riceverai utili informazioni ed assistenza. Gli esami in gravidanza sono gratuiti.
When you are pregnant you should have a health check-up, called a pregnancy check-up. You decide whether you want to see a midwife, doctor or go to the public health clinic. Doctors and midwives are trained to perform this check-up. You husband, partner or another person may accompany you. If problems arise during your pregnancy, the doctor or midwife will arrange an appointment with a specialist.
There are many advantages to attending a pregnancy check-up. Your health and that of your baby are examined, and you will receive useful information and assistance. Pregnancy check-ups are free.
In Norway pregnancy check-ups are scheduled so that you must arrive in time for your appointment with the doctor or midwife. You must notify the office immediately if you cannot come or if you are unavoidably delayed. If you do not give notification, your appointment with your doctor or midwife will be cancelled and you will have to make a new appointment.
Vi verrà offerta un’ecografia intorno alle 18 settimane di gravidanza. Tutti i tests ed esami sono volontari. Avete il diritto di rifiutare quello che il medico o l’ostetrica vi propone, ma non potete chiedere di avere altri esami rispetto a quelli che fanno parte delle normali procedure.
Blood samples and urine samples are normally taken at the pregnancy check-up. These tests provide important information about your health and also sometimes about the health of your foetus.
You will be offered an ultrasound examination around week 18 of your pregnancy. All tests and examinations are voluntary. You have the right to reject what the doctor or midwife proposes, but you cannot demand to have other or different examinations than those that are part of normal procedures.
The brochure entitled “Er du gravid? Informasjon om svangerskapsomsorgen” (Are you pregnant? Information about pregnancy check-ups) offer more information about what takes place at pregnancy check-ups. You may obtain this brochure in Norwegian and English from a doctor or midwife.
Se sei studente o non hai un lavoro, tuo hai il diritto di ricevere un indennizzo dopo la nascita del bambino. Questo importo viene stabilito annualmente.
Se sei in lista d’attesa per l’asilo, tu hai diritto ad una limitata assicurazione nazionale, ma non ti verrà assegnato l’assegno di maternità o per il bambino.
L’opuscolo intitolato “Småbarnsforeldres rettigheter” (I diritti dei genitori con i figli piccoli) fornisce informazioni sui tuoi diritti finanziari in gravidanza. È possibile ottenere questo opuscolo quando si eseguono gli esami per la gravidanza. Qui si può anche trovare altre riviste e brochure con informazioni utili. Anche se sono scritti in norvegese, potrebbero esservi utili. Si potrebbe anche chiedere a qualcuno che si conosce di tradurre per voi.
You are entitled to maternity benefits if you have been in paid employment in Norway outside your home for at least six of the last ten months before you give birth. You will receive a maternity benefit for 52 weeks at 80% of you pay or 42 weeks at 100% of your pay. If you become ill during your pregnancy, you must contact a doctor. If you are unable to continue working because it might be harmful for you or your foetus to do so, you have the right to be
assigned other work tasks or to receive pregnancy benefits.
If you are a student or have no employment outside your home, you are entitled to financial benefit after giving birth. This amount is adjusted annually.
If you are an asylum seeker, you have limited national insurance rights. You are not entitled to maternity benefits or a child allowance.
The brochure entitled “Småbarnsforeldres rettigheter” (The rights of parents with young children) provides information on your financial rights when pregnant. You can obtain this brochure when you attend your pregnancy check-up. Here you may also find other brochure and magazines with useful information. Even if they are written in Norwegian, they might be useful to you. You might also ask a person you know to translate for you.
Your personal health record is a document where the midwife or doctor enters information about your health. You should always keep your personal health record with you in a plastic folder in your handbag.
The midwife or doctor arranges for you to give birth in a hospital or delivery room. If you feel their choice does not suit you, you have the right to choose another place. In Norway, not many people choose to give birth to their baby at home, but it is possible to do so. If this is what you want, you must agree on giving birth at home with a midwife who will assist you.
All pregnant women are offered one ultrasound examination in the 18th week of pregnancy. The examination is performed at the hospital where you are going to give birth to your baby or at the nearest hospital.
Se volete fare un aborto dopo la dodicesima settimana di gravidanza, è necessario richiedere un’autorizzazione. Ostetriche e medici sono tenuti ad assisterti. Un gruppo di esperti deciderà se puoi fare un aborto. Potrai essere informato in merito alle modalità pratiche di aborto.
According to Norwegian law, all woman have the right to decide to take an abortion through the 12th week of pregnancy. This means that you yourself decide during the first 12 weeks whether you want to continue or terminate your pregnancy. You may see a doctor or midwife to obtain information about this operation and its medical effects. A brochure entitled “Til deg som vurderer abort” (For you who are considering an abortion) offers more information. It can be obtained from your doctor or the public health clinic.
If you wish to have an abortion after the twelfth week of your pregnancy, you must apply for permission. Midwives and doctors are obliged to assist you with your application. A group of experts (a board) at the nearest hospital decides whether you may have an abortion. You will be informed about the practical details of the abortion.
The cause of bleeding during your pregnancy may be a spontaneous abortion. It is not uncommon that this happens during the first twelve weeks, particularly if this is your first pregnancy. Your next pregnancy may be entirely normal. You must contact the doctor, emergency medical service or a hospital if you think you are having a spontaneous abortion.
Un uovo della donna si fonde con uno spermatozoo dell’uomo quando si hanno rapporti sessuali. Diciamo che l’uovo diventa fecondato. L’uovo fecondato si unisce all’utero. Si sviluppa rapidamente in quello che è chiamato un feto in utero, ma questo è in realtà un nascituro. Il feto si trova all’interno di un sacco amniotico dentro il tuo utero. Il cordone ombelicale va dall’ombelico del feto alla placenta. La placenta è collegata all’utero. Il feto riceve tutto ciò di cui ha bisogno, ossigeno e nutrimento, attraverso il cordone ombelicale, ed è molto ben protetto all’interno del utero.
Fertilization.
An egg from the woman merges with sperm from the man when you have sexual intercourse. We say that the egg becomes fertilized.The fertilized egg attaches itself to the uterus. It quickly develops into what is called a foetus while in the uterus, but this is actually an unborn baby. The foetus lies inside an amniotic sac inside your uterus. The umbilical cord goes from the navel of the foetus to the placenta. The placenta is attached to the uterus. The foetus receives all it needs of oxygen and nourishment through the umbilical cord, and it is very well protected inside the uterus.
Il medico o l’ostetrica sentiranno la tua pancia ed esamineranno la posizione del feto. E’ importante saperlo prima della nascita. La maggior parte dei bambini sono posizionati con la testa verso il bacino ed il canale del parto. Alcuni (4% circa) hanno i piedi verso il basso. Questa è chiamata “posizione podalica”. Alcuni si trovano lateralmente in quella che è chiamata “posizione traversa”. Se il tuo feto è in posizione podalica, dev’essere fatta una radiografia del tuo bacino. Il medico dovrà quindi verificare se vi è spazio per un parto normale. Se non vi è spazio sufficiente o il feto si trova in una posizione traversa, il medico proporrà il parto cesareo, che sarà più sicuro sia per voi che per il bambino.
Il feto si sviluppa in modo che lo potete sentire, vedere e ascoltare, mentre è nella tua pancia. Mangia e si muove. Prendetevi del tempo ogni giorno per sedersi e mettetevi le mani sulla pancia per sentire il vostro bambino che si muove.
Dovresti sentire che il feto è in movimento e calcia più volte ogni giorno. Se ritieni che sia diventato molto calmo e tranquillo, dovresti fare dei controlli. È possibile chiamare l’ostetrica, il medico o il reparto maternità per controllare il tuo feto, se non si muove per molte ore.
Libri con le foto del feto e il suo sviluppo in utero possono essere ottenuti in una biblioteca pubblica.
When the foetus is 20 weeks it weighs around 250 grams and is about 24 cm long. Now you will feel the foetus move inside you. It will kick and shift around many times every day. After 40 weeks the unborn baby weighs around 3500 grams and is around 50 cm long. The midwife or doctor checks the growth of the foetus by measuring your stomach with a tape measure at each check-up.
The heart of the foetus beats much faster than it does in adults: up to 110 to 150 beats per minute are common. The doctor or midwife will listen to your stomach using a stethoscope to check that the foetus’ heart is beating.
The midwife or doctor will feel your stomach to examine the position of the foetus. It is important to know this before the birth. Most babies are positioned with the head toward the pelvis and the birth canal. Some (around 4%) have their bottom or feet down. This is called the “breech position“. Some lie laterally in what is called a “transverse lie“. If your foetus is in the breech position, an x-ray must be taken of your pelvis. The doctor will then see whether there is space for a normal birth. If there is inadequate space or the foetus is in a transverse lie, the doctor will propose birth by caesarean section as that is safest for you and the baby.
The foetus develops so it feels, sees and hears while it is in your stomach. It eats and passes water. Take the time every day to sit down, put your hands on your tummy and feel how the baby is moving.
You should feel that the foetus is moving and kicking several times each day. If you feel it has become very calm and quiet, you should be examined. You may call the midwife, doctor or the maternity ward to have your foetus examined if it does not move for many hours.
Books with pictures of the foetus and its development in the uterus can be obtained from a public library.
A pregnancy normally lasts 280 days, or 40 weeks or nine months. The due date is the date when the foetus is 40 weeks old. An ultrasound examination is the most accurate way to determine the due date. Births normally occur from two weeks before to two weeks after the due date. Only six of one hundred babies are actually born on the due date.
Your body goes through a lot of changes during pregnancy. You breasts will increase in size and they often are quite painful to touch to begin with. Your stomach grows and you generally become rounder. Putting on some weight is good, 10 to 12 kilos is normal. If you are too heavy before you become pregnant, you should ask for assistance to change your diet. It is not good if you put on too much weight. If you are very slim, you might also need to change your diet as you will need a lot of strength for yourself and your baby during this period.
Una sana alimentazione significa una dieta varia a base di verdure e frutta. Bere acqua, latte parzialmente scremato e succo d’arancia. Le bibite gassate contengono troppo zucchero e sostanze non sane. E’ salutare mangiare pesce più volte a settimana. Anche pane scuro e alimenti ricchi di fibre sono cibi sani. Alimenti che contengono molti zuccheri e grassi non vanno bene per voi. Normalmente le vitamine assunte attraverso il cibo che mangi sono sufficienti. E’ importante assumere una quantità sufficiente di vitamina A e vitamina D.
The midwife or doctor will check the percentage of red blood cells in your blood and tell you whether you need vitamin or iron supplements. If you have healthy eating habits, you should continue your normal diet. You do not need to eat for two or eat special foods.
Healthy food means a varied diet with vegetables and fruit. Drink water, semi-skimmed milk and orange juice. Soda pop contains too much sugar and no healthy substances. It is healthy to eat fish several times a week. Dark bread and food that is rich in fibres are also healthy. Food containing a lot of sugar and fat are not good for you. You normally get enough vitamins when you eat normal food. It is important to get sufficient vitamin A and vitamin D.
Smoking harms your foetus because the nicotine in the mother’s blood passes into the foetus. Alcohol is also passed to the foetus, so you should not drink alcohol. Narcotics are also harmful to the foetus.
If you use medication or think you need medication when you are pregnant, you must determine whether the medication might harm your foetus. Ask the midwife, doctor or a pharmacist whether you can take medication while you are pregnant.
It is safe to be active and take part in sports while you are pregnant. If you are in good shape, you will have more endurance and strength. Pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period cause extra strain on your body so it is a good idea to be in good shape.
You may continue to have sex as you did before you became pregnant. Some women want more sex, some less. This also applies to your partner. You should talk about your feelings about this togheter as it may help you to continue your marital relationship in a way that will be satisfying to you both.
Molte donne hanno nausea e vomito durante le prime settimane di gravidanza. Anche se fastidiosa, non è pericolosa. La nausea passa normalmente dopo alcune settimane. Mangiare piccoli pasti e rimanere tranquilli al mattino può aiutare. Se per molti giorni non riuscite a mangiare, dovete contattare il medico o l’ostetrica. Può essere fissata una cura se la nausea è per te un grave problema.
Stanchezza
È normale stancarsi e affaticarsi velocemente quando si è incinta. E’ qualcosa che tu e le persone che ti stanno intorno dovete prendere in considerazione. Hai bisogno di più riposo e sonno rispetto al normale. La fatica è spesso peggiore durante la prima e poi le ultime settimane di gravidanza.
Emorragia
Ci possono essere piccoli episodi di sanguinamento all’inizio della gravidanza e dopo aver avuto un rapporto sessuale. Rivolgersi al proprio medico o all’ostetrica. Tutte le emorragie dovrebbero essere esaminate, anche se nella maggior parte dei casi non è pericoloso.
Nausea
Many women feel nauseous and vomit during the first weeks of pregnancy. While bothersome, this is not dangerous. The queasiness normally passes after some weeks. Eating small meals and taking things easy in the morning may help. If you throw up so much that you are unable to eat for several days, you must contact the doctor or midwife. Treatment can be arranged if your queasiness is a serious problem for you.
Fatigue
It is normal to quickly become tired and weary when you are pregnant. This is something you and the people around you must take into consideration. You need more rest and sleep than normal. Fatigue is often worst during the first and then the final weeks of pregnancy.
Bleeding
There may be small incidences of bleeding at the start of your pregnancy and after you have had sexual intercourse. Contact your doctor or midwife. All bleeding should be examined, even if in most cases it is not dangerous.
Diabete gestazionale / diabete mellito
Tra gli esami in gravidanza, si esamina la quantità di glucosio (zucchero) nelle vostre urine e, in caso affermativo, quanto glucosio hai nel sangue. Se c’è troppo glucosio nel sangue, hai il diabete gestazionale. Gli esami di molte donne diventano normali dopo che il bambino è nato. Ma per alcune donne, troppo glucosio nel sangue significa che hanno contratto il diabete mellito. Questa è una malattia cronica. Un tipo di diabete (diabete di tipo 2) è più comune nelle giovani donne provenienti da paesi come l’Asia e l’Africa del nord piuttosto che in donne norvegesi. Se hai il diabete mellito, è necessario sottoporsi ad un esame da uno specialista in modo da ottenere il corretto trattamento durante la gravidanza e nel momento del parto, e in modo che si effetuino le corrette procedure dopo il parto.
Pressione sanguigna alta e preeclampsia
Ad ogni visita vedete l’ostetrica o il vostro medico controllare la pressione del sangue. Se è troppo alta, si prelevano campioni di urine e di sangue per verificare se si dispone di una malattia chiamata preeclampsia.
Questa malattia ha molti livelli. Nel peggiore dei casi puoi avere crampi e perdita di coscienza. La causa di questa malattia non è nota.
Sintomi della preeclampsia
Se hai uno qualsiasi di questi sintomi, è opportuno rivolgersi al proprio medico o al reparto maternità direttamente e senza indugio:
Una donna incinta che sviluppa preeclampsia deve vedere uno specialista per un ulteriore esame. Se hai la preeclampsia, potrebbe essere necessario avere il congedo per malattia. A volte può essere necessario il ricovero ospedaliero.
Here we mention only two of the most common disorders that might occur.
Gestational diabetes/Diabetes mellitus
The pregnancy check-up tests whether you have glucose (sugar) in your urine, and if so, how much glucose you have in your blood. If there is too much glucose in your blood, you have gestational diabetes. The tests of many women become normal after the baby is born. But for some women, too much glucose in the blood means that they have contracted diabetes mellitus. This is a chronic disease. One type of diabetes (type 2 diabetes) is more common in young women from countries in Asia and North Africa than in ethnic Norwegian women. If you have diabetes mellitus, you need to undergo an examination by a specialist so that you get the proper treatment during your pregnancy and when giving birth, and so that you will get the proper follow-up after giving birth.
High blood pressure and preeclampsia
Each time you see your midwife or doctor they will check your blood pressure. If it is too high, the doctor or midwife will take samples of your urine and blood to check whether you have a disease called preeclampsia.
This disease has many levels. In the worst case you may have cramps and fall unconscious. The cause of this disease is unknown.
Symptoms of preeclampsia
If you have any of these symptoms, you should contact your doctor or the maternity ward directly and without delay:
A pregnant woman who develops preeclampsia must see a specialist for further examination. If you have preeclampsia, you may need to be on sick leave. Occasionally you may need hospitalization.
If you feel poorly, or believe there is something wrong with you or your baby, you must call the doctor or midwife. You may also call the maternity ward or emergency medical service.
Alcuni corsi portano i partecipanti ad una visita in un reparto di maternità in modo da sapere cosa aspettarsi quando è il momento di avere il bambino.
Non siete obbligate a frequentare un corso, ma a molte donne piacerebbe ricevere informazioni e discutere le questioni con un’ostetrica e altri specialisti. Alcuni corsi sono gratuiti, ma la maggior parte hanno un piccolo costo aggiuntivo.
Many pregnant women attend a pregnancy course, as does a majority of prospective fathers. Ask if there are courses given in your language. The courses will be headed by midwives or a group comprising a midwife, physiotherapist, public health nurse and doctor. Topics raised include:
Some courses take participants on a visit of a maternity ward so you know what to expect when it is time to have your baby.
There is no requirement to go to a course, but many women like to receive information and discuss matters with a midwife and other specialists. Some courses are free, but most have a small charge.
Il corpo si prepara per l’importante compito che è il parto. Fidatevi del vostro corpo! Le donne in tutto il mondo sono in grado di partorire. Anche tu lo puoi fare. Nascono bambini ogni giorno in tutti gli angoli del mondo e in ogni momento della giornata. Siate fiduciose, ce la farete.
During their pregnancy most women feel joy and excitement, but also some distress about the birth. “Will I manage? Will I and the baby survive?” These are quite typical questions. When the time for birth approaches, you are nevertheless ready to give birth. You often become more impatient. Many women have thoughts such as: Let’s get this birth going! I feel heavy and tired. I want my baby in my arms instead of my stomach!
Your body prepares for the major task that giving birth is. Trust your body! Women across the entire world are able to give birth. You can too. Births happen every day in all corners of the world and at all times of the day. Be confident, you will manage.
Some women become anxious about the birth. This emotion may become so strong that all the joy vanishes. Fortunately you can get assistance if your problems become too big. Most maternity wards offer therapy sessions for women who are afraid of giving birth. Your husband can accompany you or you can come with another person you would like to have present. You may call yourself, or have the midwife or doctor arrange an appointment for a therapy session. Regardless the cause of your anxiety you will receive assistance. Together with the midwife and doctor you will find out how the birth can be good for you.
It is nice to have one or more persons with you when giving birth. You decide who is to be present. In Norway it has become common that the father is in attendance. If you do not speak Norwegian, it is wise to someone with you who does. Some maternity wards allow more than one person to accompany you. Take time to consider who you would like to be with you. The aim is that you feel safe and confident with the person or persons who accompany you when you give birth. Those who are with must help you, comfort you and encourage you.
erlet
cosa sucede se devi partorire per forza in norvegia.
il bambino prende la nacionalita norvegese o pure no ??
tamara
Il bambino prende la nazionalità norvegese solo se i genitori sono norvegesi. Potrà averla solo dopo 7 anni di vita in Norvegia.